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Establishing a Public Health Workforce Program. (a) The Secretary of HHS and the Secretary of Labor shall promptly consult with State, local, Tribal, and territorial leaders to understand the challenges they face in viagra response efforts, including challenges recruiting and training sufficient personnel to ensure adequate and equitable community-based testing, and testing in schools and high-risk settings. (b) The Secretary of HHS shall, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, as soon as practicable. (i) provide technical support to State, local, Tribal, and territorial public health agencies with respect to testing and contact-tracing efforts. And (ii) assist such authorities in the training of public health workers.

This may include technical assistance to non-Federal public health workforces in connection with testing, contact tracing, and mass vaccinations, as well as other urgent public health workforce needs, such as combating opioid use. (c) The Secretary of HHS shall submit to the President, through the erectile dysfunction treatment Response Coordinator, the Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy (APDP), and the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (APNSA), a plan detailing. (i) how the Secretary of HHS would deploy personnel in response to future high-consequence public health threats. And (ii) five-year targets and budget requirements for achieving a sustainable public health workforce, as well as options for expanding HHS capacity, such as by expanding the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps and Epidemic Intelligence Service, so that the Department can better respond to future viagras and other biological threats.

(d) The Secretary of HHS, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of Education, and the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation for National and Community Service, in coordination with the erectile dysfunction treatment Response Coordinator, the APDP, and the APNSA, shall Start Printed Page 7199submit a plan to the President for establishing a national contact tracing and erectile dysfunction treatment public health workforce program, to be known as the U.S. Public Health Job Corps, which shall be modeled on or developed as a component of the FEMA Corps program. Such plan shall include means by which the U.S.

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Water is viagra sex videos also seldom static, whether it’s flowing in ocean currents or being evaporated and precipitated. Averaged out over the planet there is about 100 centimeters of rainfall a year, but that’s across a total surface area of around 5.1x1018 square centimeters. In other words, doing the back-of-the-envelope calculation, some 510 trillion metric tons of water gets evaporated and then re-precipitated every year on Earth. But the catch is that we don’t really know where all of this water came viagra sex videos from in the first place. For a long while our picture of the formation of a rocky planet like the Earth has involved a violent, hot assembly some 4.5 billion years ago out of comparatively dry material in the inner solar system.

Water would have come along later, with proposals for possible delivery by comets from the chill, frozen outer solar system, or by rocky but still volatile-rich meteoritic infall. But these options have proven tricky to justify viagra sex videos completely for a variety of reasons. Comets, for instance, often (but not always) have a deuterium concentration that doesn’t match what we see in Earth’s water—limiting their likely contribution. Similarly, water-rich rocky meteoritic material—so-called carbonaceous chondrites—have isotopic differences that could also limit how much they viagra sex videos contributed to a young planet. At the same time, the representative type of material for building the entirety of a rocky Earth (and matching the planet’s overall isotopic composition in elements like oxygen and calcium) seems to closely resemble what’s called enstatite chondrite.

Chunks of enstatite chondrite are still around in the solar system, and occasionally fall as meteorites. But they’ve been thought to be too dry viagra sex videos to be involved in Earth’s water supply. Now, in a work reported by Piani, et al. In the journal Science, an analysis of the composition of 13 enstatite chondrite meteorite samples reveals a much higher than expected hydrogen content. Extrapolating from these numbers the researchers claim that if this is the type of protoplanetary material that built Earth, it could have resulted in viagra sex videos a total, initial water content of at least three times the present mass of water in our oceans.

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The researchers, led by Thomas Westerhold of the University of Bremen in Germany, constructed datasets using chemical analyses of ancient sediments, drilled from viagra sex videos the bottom of the ocean. These sediments, some of which are 66 million years old, are filled with the preserved shells of tiny organisms that can tell scientists about the temperature and chemical composition of the ocean when they were formed. The sediments, collected from around the world over the course of many years, allowed the researchers to reconstruct Earth’s climate history going back to the mass extinction that killed three-quarters of the planet’s species, including viagra sex videos dinosaurs. They found that the planet has passed through four distinct climate phases. Warmhouse, hothouse, coolhouse and icehouse states.

Transitions from one state to another have generally depended on changing greenhouse gas levels, often driven by volcanic eruptions and other natural processes, and shifts in the Earth’s orbit viagra sex videos that affected the amount of solar energy reaching the planet. In the hottest phases, more than 50 million years ago, temperatures on Earth were more than 10 degrees Celsius hotter than they are today. But it’s important to note that it took the planet thousands or even millions of years to reach these levels—and that was long before humans ever walked the Earth. That’s in stark contrast to the kind of climate change that viagra sex videos human activity is driving today. For several million years now, the world has been in an icehouse state.

But that’s quickly changing. If human societies do nothing to viagra sex videos curb their greenhouse gas emissions, in just a few centuries the Earth could once again reach a temperature threshold not seen for at least 34 million years. Before the industrial era, such a magnitude of warming would have taken thousands of years to occur, at least. €œIf you look at the worst-case scenario [by 2300], the change viagra sex videos in mean global temperature is larger than most of the natural variability going back over the last 66 million years related to changes in the Earth’s orbit,” said Jim Zachos, a paleoclimatologist at the University of California, Santa Cruz, and a co-author of the new study, which was published Thursday in the journal Science. It’s not an inevitable future.

With immediate and stringent action to reduce climate change, the world can keep global temperatures from rising more than a few degrees above their preindustrial levels. But the study does viagra sex videos warn that without these efforts, Earth is on track for some of the strongest, fastest climate change the planet has ever experienced. The study may also provide some important insights into how climate change could unfold in the coming decades and centuries. Earth’s climate doesn’t always shift in linear, predictable ways. There are all kinds of feedback processes that can speed things up or slow things down—such as the speed at which glaciers and sea ice melt or the way that clouds change viagra sex videos in response to future warming.

In the ancient past, for instance, the study suggests that the world’s ice sheets played an important role in regulating the pace and predictability of the Earth’s climate response to natural changes in greenhouse gases or orbital shifts. Today, scientists believe that the world’s melting ice may also have a big impact on future climate change. These kinds of feedback processes can make it challenging viagra sex videos to predict future change, especially over relatively short periods of time. Reconstructing the Earth’s long-term climate history can help scientists test the models they use to predict its future. If a model can accurately simulate the past, scientists may have more confidence in its ability to simulate present-day climate processes.

€œThat’s the viagra sex videos beauty of this record,” Zachos said. €œIt’s something we’ve always wanted to have because of the applicability to testing climate theory.” Reprinted from Climatewire with permission from E&E News. E&E provides daily coverage of essential energy and environmental viagra sex videos news at www.eenews.net.Woo-hoo, d’oh, or meh?. Which of these Simpsonian reactions is appropriate to the fact, revealed by a 2019 survey conducted by researchers at Penn State University and the National Center for Science Education (NCSE), that about two in three—67 percent—of public high school biology teachers are presenting evolution forthrightly, emphasizing the broad scientific consensus on evolution while not giving any credence to creationism?. Only in the context of the long and contentious history of evolution education in the United States is it clear what the most plausible answer is.

American teachers have not viagra sex videos always been afforded the luxury of teaching evolution forthrightly. John Thomas Scopes, for example, was famously prosecuted for violating Tennessee’s ban on teaching evolution in 1925. Although his conviction was subsequently overturned, a national survey of high school biology teachers conducted in 1939–1940 revealed that only about half were teaching evolution as a central principle of biology. And bans on teaching evolution remained in place in Arkansas, Mississippi viagra sex videos and Tennessee until 1970. New obstacles then emerged, particularly requirements to teach various forms of creationism as alternatives to evolution.

As recently as 15 years ago, in Dover, Pennsylvania, the local school board attempted to require its high school biology teachers to read a statement to their ninth-grade students describing “Darwin’s theory of evolution” as “not a fact,” and commending “intelligent design”—then a trendy slogan for creationism—to their attention as a scientifically credible alternative. The teachers, to their credit, unanimously viagra sex videos refused to comply. But their refusal, together with the controversy surrounding the related trial over the constitutionality of the board’s actions, Kitzmiller v. Dover, intrigued two parents a hundred miles to the viagra sex videos northwest, in State College, Pa. Michael Berkman and Eric Plutzer were not just any concerned parents, though.

They were political scientists at Penn State with a particular interest in education policy. What—they wondered—are high school viagra sex videos biology teachers teaching about evolution, and what factors influence their teaching practices?. To satisfy their curiosity, Berkman and Plutzer conducted the first modern national survey of high school biology teachers in 2007. The results were dire. Only a slight majority, 51 percent, reported that they emphasized the broad scientific consensus on evolution while not giving any credence to creationism, as if to suggest no progress in the 67 years since the less rigorous viagra sex videos survey of 1939–1940.

That’s why the results of the 2019 survey—a collaboration between Plutzer and the NCSE—are so encouraging. Between 2007 and 2019, there definitely was progress. From 51 percent of viagra sex videos high school biology teachers reporting emphasizing evolution and not creationism in 2007 to 67 percent in 2019. It was matched by a drop from 23 to 12 percent of teachers who offer mixed messages by endorsing both evolution and creationism as a valid scientific alternative to evolution, from 18 to 15 percent of teachers who endorse neither evolution nor creationism, and from 8.6 to 5.6 percent of teachers who endorse creationism while not endorsing evolution. Credit.

National Center for viagra sex videos Science Education What accounts for the improvement?. Did intelligent design’s crushing defeat in the Kitzmiller trial make the difference?. Probably not viagra sex videos. Science teachers are guided not by case law but by state science standards, which specify what students in the state’s public schools are expected to learn. Standards thus influence the content of textbooks, statewide testing, and coursework for pre-service and in-service teachers.

Importantly, they also provide a shield for teachers facing misguided community pressure over socially contentious topics viagra sex videos like evolution. The results of the 2019 survey suggest that a concerted effort to improve state science standards helped to improve evolution education. The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), which debuted in 2013, include “Biological Evolution. Unity and Diversity” as a disciplinary core idea of the viagra sex videos life sciences at the middle and high school levels. By now, 20 states (plus the District of Columbia) have adopted the NGSS, and a further 24 states have adopted standards based on the same evolution-friendly framework on which the NGSS are based.

Were states that adopted the NGSS especially hospitable to the teaching of evolution?. Not really viagra sex videos. In 2007, their teachers were less likely to endorse evolution and not creationism than the national average. By 2019, they were more likely. While a variety viagra sex videos of explanations are possible, teachers in NGSS states reported having taken more pre-service and in-service coursework in evolution than their colleagues elsewhere, suggesting that the increased expectations impelled both novice and veteran teachers to upgrade their content knowledge of evolution.

Despite the encouraging trend over a mere dozen years, there is still reason for concern. After all, more than one in six high viagra sex videos school biology teachers, 17.6 percent, are still presenting creationism as a scientifically credible alternative to evolution. And almost as many high school biology teachers, 15 percent, are still failing to emphasize the broad scientific consensus on evolution, despite its general prevalence in state science standards and despite encouragement from professional organizations. D’oh!. With 13,500-odd local school districts having primary responsibility for curriculum viagra sex videos and instruction, changes to science education are inevitably going to be slow, scattered and incremental.

Still, with the aid of uncounted scientists, educators, policymakers, administrators and concerned citizens in general (and perhaps even a certain episode of The Simpsons), clear and convincing improvements for evolution education were demonstrably attained in just a dozen years. It is a victory worth not only celebrating—woo-hoo!. €”but also enlarging upon.ARGENTINA The earliest dinosaurs laid soft-shelled viagra sex videos eggs, paleontologists say. A new chemical analysis of a more than 200-million-year-old fossilized egg from Patagonia—and a clutch of more recent eggs from Mongolia, found in the Gobi Desert—revealed a thin film matching the characteristics of modern soft-shelled eggs. ENGLAND Archaeologists found that 20 deep shafts, previously thought to be natural sinkholes and ponds, were dug by Neolithic humans.

The shafts form a circle two kilometers viagra sex videos in diameter, with the Durrington Walls monument at its center, just three kilometers from Stonehenge. BRAZIL In a new paper, researchers documented the largest lightning bolt ever recorded. The “mega-flash,” which extended for more than viagra sex videos 700 kilometers in southern Brazil in 2018, was detected by a new advanced weather satellite in geostationary orbit. ISRAEL Researchers sequenced DNA samples from the Dead Sea Scrolls, identifying fragments made from sheep skin and others made from cow hide. The technique could help match fragments together and unravel the artifacts' geographic origins.

INDONESIA Scientists identified an elusive nose-horned dragon lizard in the forests of viagra sex videos North Sumatra. Despite appearing in the mythology of the indigenous Bataks, the visually striking species had been spotted by scientists only once before—almost 130 years ago. AUSTRALIA Submarine drones uncovered an extensive system of underwater “rivers” of dense, salty water along Australia's continental shelf. These flows carry organic matter from the coast into the deep ocean, and their volume viagra sex videos varies seasonally, peaking in winter.The items below are highlights from the free newsletter, “Smart, useful, science stuff about erectile dysfunction treatment.” To receive newsletter issues daily in your inbox, sign-up here.. Please consider a monthly contribution to support this newsletter.

At Nature, Nicky Phillips, David Cyranoski and Smriti Mallapaty covered the announcement that a collaboration between researchers at AstraZeneca and the University of Oxford is pausing Phase 3 treatment-candidate experiments due to a “suspected adverse event” in a study participant in the UK (9/9/20). The collaboration’s Phase 3 studies are being viagra sex videos paused in the U.S., Brazil, South Africa and the UK, Nature reports. €œThe news highlights the importance of waiting for the results of large, properly designed trials [experiments] to assess safety before approving a treatment for widespread use,” the story states. Investigators will start by trying to find out if the participant received the treatment candidate or a placebo, the story states. And then viagra sex videos if it was the treatment, they will assess whether the participant’s reaction is related or unrelated to receiving it.

€œI have every confidence that this group [of investigators] will very quickly assess this adverse event and make the results of that investigation known,” said a McGill University bioethicist quoted in the story. Presumably in response to reports of political pushing for approvals this fall, the chief executive officers (CEOs) of 9 pharmaceutical companies released a pledge (dated 9/8/20) to viagra sex videos “uphold the integrity of the scientific process as they work towards potential global regulatory filings and approvals of the first erectile dysfunction treatments.” The CEOs — including those for AstraZeneca, BioNTech, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson &. Johnson, Merck, Moderna, and Pfizer — assert they will “only submit for approval or emergency use authorization after demonstrating safety and efficacy through a Phase 3 clinical study that is designed and conducted to meet requirements of expert regulatory authorities such as [the U.S. Food and Drug Administration].” In other words, they don’t plan to cut any corners in their research nor to yield to political pressure. For more contextualized commentary on what Ed viagra sex videos Silverman describes as a “highly unusual turn of events," see his column at STAT (9/7/20).

Meanwhile, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has quickly taken measures to block any political influence over ongoing research to develop treatments to protect us from erectile dysfunction, report Anna Edney, Drew Armstrong, and Robert Langreth for Bloomberg (9/8/20). One measure reportedly includes the FDA viagra sex videos “sticking by" June guidance that the agency will only consider for approval treatment candidates that are at least 50% effective. Lower down in the story, the reporters write, “There is no guarantee the treatments furthest along in development will be the most effective, or be safe.” And it could take “months more” for Phase 3 findings to be conclusive, the story suggests. Still, the story ends with estimates by drug makers for how soon they might complete their Phase 3 studies (efficacy and safety experiments in thousands of study subjects) of erectile dysfunction treatment candidates.

Moderna reportedly says as soon viagra sex videos as Thanksgiving, and Pfizer reportedly has been saying next month. I remain reasonably skeptical. On Twitter, I came across a searchable web site called “Dear viagra,” which bills itself as an “interdisciplinary all-female team of researchers and clinicians with expertise including nursing, mental health, demography, health policy/economics, viagra sex videos and epidemiology.” Posts date back to July but the site appears to have officially launched 9/10/20. Their mission is to “educate and empower individuals to successfully navigate the erectile dysfunction treatment information overwhelm.” About two-thirds of the way down the home page, there’s a “submit a question” link. And below that, previous posts are indexed by topic and dates.

The risk of catching erectile dysfunction on an airplane is “relatively low” if travelers are screened for sickness, wear masks, and are spaced out among seats, according to viagra sex videos experts interviewed by Noah Y. Kim for Kaiser Health News (9/10/20). The air exchange rate and use of HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filters on planes also significantly reduce the risk of catching the viagra from travelers who are several rows away, according to the story. There is still a risk from an infected person seated viagra sex videos nearby, the story states. And air filtration alone is insufficient to prevent transmission even when travelers are distanced in the plane, Kim writes.

Delta, Hawaiian, Southwest and JetBlue currently keep middle seats open, the story states. Security checks and waiting at gates also pose some viagra sex videos transmission risk. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control has not confirmed any erectile dysfunction transmission aboard a U.S. Flight, an airline industry source says in the story, but viagra sex videos that might reflect the difficulty of determining where people in the U.S.

Contract the viagra, Kim writes. €œEven though flying is a relatively low-risk activity,” the story states, “traveling should still be avoided unless absolutely necessary.” An undated, recently published ESPN interactive, bylined by Kyle Bonagura, illustrates its analysis and mapping of anonymized cellphone tracking data for three 2019 U.S viagra sex videos. College football games. The maps provide a sense of where fans travel to and disperse to after games and thus the regional concentration of potential erectile dysfunction (and other infectious disease) spread resulting from the mixing of people before, during and after big match-ups. The piece includes updates on some of the football viagra sex videos conferences’ plans and protocols for the 2020 season.

The Big Ten and Pac-12 have postponed their seasons, whereas the SEC (Southeastern Conference) seems to be allowing each school to set its own attendance guidelines. I can’t pretend to follow NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) football designations but some or all of the NCAA teams drew “more than 47.5 million" attendees last season, the piece states. €œEven with fewer teams in action and limited-capacity crowds, the prospect that college football could play a role in spreading the erectile dysfunction is too obvious to ignore,” the story states viagra sex videos. Thanks to a reader for alerting me to this piece. Check out “To build emotional strength, expand your brain,” by Kerry Hannon at The New York Times (9/2/20).

It basically asserts that learning new material, such as a language or craft, that expands your horizons viagra sex videos helps you deal with change and crisis, such as the erectile dysfunction viagra. Near the end, the piece lists some free or low-cost online class sites and some programs that allow nontraditional students to audit classes or work on projects with enrolled graduate and undergraduate students. You might enjoy “Looks like I wasn’t muted during our Zoom meeting,” by Susie Aquilina, for McSweeney’s (9/10/20)..

You have https://martello-halfmarathon.org.uk/ to go to extreme lengths to find places on Earth that don’t reveal that they’re part of a water-rich planet cvs generic viagra price. Even the highest and driest deserts, like the Atacama Plateau in South America, still get a minimum of a couple of millimeters of annual precipitation on average (although there are places where we don’t yet know what the average is because it’s simply not rained for years). And if you whip out your handy mass spectrometer on a desert walkabout the chances are that cvs generic viagra price you’ll be able to detect at least a few atmospheric water molecules. Go elsewhere, and it’s hard to imagine anything but a water-logged world. More than 70 percent of Earth’s surface is covered in oceans and roughly 97 percent of the surface water is in those oceans, leaving a scant 1 percent as freshwater.

Water is also seldom static, whether it’s flowing cvs generic viagra price in ocean currents or being evaporated and precipitated. Averaged out over the planet there is about 100 centimeters of rainfall a year, but that’s across a total surface area of around 5.1x1018 square centimeters. In other words, doing the back-of-the-envelope calculation, some 510 trillion metric tons of water gets evaporated and then re-precipitated every year on Earth. But the catch is that we don’t really know where all of this water came from in the first place cvs generic viagra price. For a long while our picture of the formation of a rocky planet like the Earth has involved a violent, hot assembly some 4.5 billion years ago out of comparatively dry material in the inner solar system.

Water would have come along later, with proposals for possible delivery by comets from the chill, frozen outer solar system, or by rocky but still volatile-rich meteoritic infall. But these options have proven tricky to justify completely for a variety of cvs generic viagra price reasons. Comets, for instance, often (but not always) have a deuterium concentration that doesn’t match what we see in Earth’s water—limiting their likely contribution. Similarly, water-rich rocky meteoritic material—so-called carbonaceous chondrites—have isotopic differences that could also limit how much they contributed to a cvs generic viagra price young planet. At the same time, the representative type of material for building the entirety of a rocky Earth (and matching the planet’s overall isotopic composition in elements like oxygen and calcium) seems to closely resemble what’s called enstatite chondrite.

Chunks of enstatite chondrite are still around in the solar system, and occasionally fall as meteorites. But they’ve been thought to be too dry cvs generic viagra price to be involved in Earth’s water supply. Now, in a work reported by Piani, et al. In the journal Science, an analysis of the composition of 13 enstatite chondrite meteorite samples reveals a much higher than expected hydrogen content. Extrapolating from these numbers the researchers claim that if this is the type of protoplanetary material that built Earth, it could have resulted in a total, initial water content of at least three times cvs generic viagra price the present mass of water in our oceans.

The same material could have also provided a starter mix of atmospheric nitrogen to the young planet. This possibility is enormously appealing for its relative simplicity. Our wet world was simply made this way from the very cvs generic viagra price beginning, with little need to invoke any more complex evolution except for a small drizzling from comets and other outer solar system material. Whether or not this idea holds up to further scientific scrutiny, it’s a beautiful reminder that even the simplest things in our lives, like a glass of water or a shower in the morning, are actually windows into the deepest origins of everything we know.Scientists just completed one of the most comprehensive investigations of Earth’s climate history—and the findings aren’t favorable. They found that the planet could eventually warm to levels it hasn’t reached in at least 34 million years.

The researchers, led by Thomas Westerhold of the University of Bremen in Germany, constructed datasets using chemical analyses of ancient sediments, drilled from the bottom of the cvs generic viagra price ocean. These sediments, some of which are 66 million years old, are filled with the preserved shells of tiny organisms that can tell scientists about the temperature and chemical composition of the ocean when they were formed. The sediments, cvs generic viagra price collected from around the world over the course of many years, allowed the researchers to reconstruct Earth’s climate history going back to the mass extinction that killed three-quarters of the planet’s species, including dinosaurs. They found that the planet has passed through four distinct climate phases. Warmhouse, hothouse, coolhouse and icehouse states.

Transitions from cvs generic viagra price one state to another have generally depended on changing greenhouse gas levels, often driven by volcanic eruptions and other natural processes, and shifts in the Earth’s orbit that affected the amount of solar energy reaching the planet. In the hottest phases, more than 50 million years ago, temperatures on Earth were more than 10 degrees Celsius hotter than they are today. But it’s important to note that it took the planet thousands or even millions of years to reach these levels—and that was long before humans ever walked the Earth. That’s in cvs generic viagra price stark contrast to the kind of climate change that human activity is driving today. For several million years now, the world has been in an icehouse state.

But that’s quickly changing. If human cvs generic viagra price societies do nothing to curb their greenhouse gas emissions, in just a few centuries the Earth could once again reach a temperature threshold not seen for at least 34 million years. Before the industrial era, such a magnitude of warming would have taken thousands of years to occur, at least. €œIf you look at the worst-case scenario [by cvs generic viagra price 2300], the change in mean global temperature is larger than most of the natural variability going back over the last 66 million years related to changes in the Earth’s orbit,” said Jim Zachos, a paleoclimatologist at the University of California, Santa Cruz, and a co-author of the new study, which was published Thursday in the journal Science. It’s not an inevitable future.

With immediate and stringent action to reduce climate change, the world can keep global temperatures from rising more than a few degrees above their preindustrial levels. But the study does warn that without these cvs generic viagra price efforts, Earth is on track for some of the strongest, fastest climate change the planet has ever experienced. The study may also provide some important insights into how climate change could unfold in the coming decades and centuries. Earth’s climate doesn’t always shift in linear, predictable ways. There are all kinds of feedback processes that can speed things up or slow things down—such as the speed at which glaciers and sea ice melt cvs generic viagra price or the way that clouds change in response to future warming.

In the ancient past, for instance, the study suggests that the world’s ice sheets played an important role in regulating the pace and predictability of the Earth’s climate response to natural changes in greenhouse gases or orbital shifts. Today, scientists believe that the world’s melting ice may also have a big impact on future climate change. These kinds of feedback processes can make it challenging to predict cvs generic viagra price future change, especially over relatively short periods of time. Reconstructing the Earth’s long-term climate history can help scientists test the models they use to predict its future. If a model can accurately simulate the past, scientists may have more confidence in its ability to simulate present-day climate processes.

€œThat’s the beauty of cvs generic viagra price this record,” Zachos said. €œIt’s something we’ve always wanted to have because of the applicability to testing climate theory.” Reprinted from Climatewire with permission from E&E News. E&E provides daily coverage of essential energy and environmental news cvs generic viagra price at www.eenews.net.Woo-hoo, d’oh, or meh?. Which of these Simpsonian reactions is appropriate to the fact, revealed by a 2019 survey conducted by researchers at Penn State University and the National Center for Science Education (NCSE), that about two in three—67 percent—of public high school biology teachers are presenting evolution forthrightly, emphasizing the broad scientific consensus on evolution while not giving any credence to creationism?. Only in the context of the long and contentious history of evolution education in the United States is it clear what the most plausible answer is.

American teachers have not always been afforded cvs generic viagra price the luxury of teaching evolution forthrightly. John Thomas Scopes, for example, was famously prosecuted for violating Tennessee’s ban on teaching evolution in 1925. Although his conviction was subsequently overturned, a national survey of high school biology teachers conducted in 1939–1940 revealed that only about half were teaching evolution as a central principle of biology. And bans on teaching cvs generic viagra price evolution remained in place in Arkansas, Mississippi and Tennessee until 1970. New obstacles then emerged, particularly requirements to teach various forms of creationism as alternatives to evolution.

As recently as 15 years ago, in Dover, Pennsylvania, the local school board attempted to require its high school biology teachers to read a statement to their ninth-grade students describing “Darwin’s theory of evolution” as “not a fact,” and commending “intelligent design”—then a trendy slogan for creationism—to their attention as a scientifically credible alternative. The teachers, cvs generic viagra price to their credit, unanimously refused to comply. But their refusal, together with the controversy surrounding the related trial over the constitutionality of the board’s actions, Kitzmiller v. Dover, intrigued two parents a hundred miles to the northwest, in State cvs generic viagra price College, Pa. Michael Berkman and Eric Plutzer were not just any concerned parents, though.

They were political scientists at Penn State with a particular interest in education policy. What—they wondered—are high school biology teachers teaching about evolution, and what factors influence their teaching practices? cvs generic viagra price. To satisfy their curiosity, Berkman and Plutzer conducted the first modern national survey of high school biology teachers in 2007. The results were dire. Only a slight majority, 51 percent, reported that they emphasized the broad scientific consensus on evolution while not giving any credence to creationism, as if to suggest cvs generic viagra price no progress in the 67 years since the less rigorous survey of 1939–1940.

That’s why the results of the 2019 survey—a collaboration between Plutzer and the NCSE—are so encouraging. Between 2007 and 2019, there definitely was progress. From 51 percent of high school biology teachers reporting emphasizing evolution and not creationism in 2007 to cvs generic viagra price 67 percent in 2019. It was matched by a drop from 23 to 12 percent of teachers who offer mixed messages by endorsing both evolution and creationism as a valid scientific alternative to evolution, from 18 to 15 percent of teachers who endorse neither evolution nor creationism, and from 8.6 to 5.6 percent of teachers who endorse creationism while not endorsing evolution. Credit.

National Center for Science Education What accounts for the cvs generic viagra price improvement?. Did intelligent design’s crushing defeat in the Kitzmiller trial make the difference?. Probably not cvs generic viagra price. Science teachers are guided not by case law but by state science standards, which specify what students in the state’s public schools are expected to learn. Standards thus influence the content of textbooks, statewide testing, and coursework for pre-service and in-service teachers.

Importantly, they also provide a shield for teachers facing misguided community pressure over cvs generic viagra price socially contentious topics like evolution. The results of the 2019 survey suggest that a concerted effort to improve state science standards helped to improve evolution education. The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), which debuted in 2013, include “Biological Evolution. Unity and Diversity” as a disciplinary core idea of the life sciences at the middle and high cvs generic viagra price school levels. By now, 20 states (plus the District of Columbia) have adopted the NGSS, and a further 24 states have adopted standards based on the same evolution-friendly framework on which the NGSS are based.

Were states that adopted the NGSS especially hospitable to the teaching of evolution?. Not cvs generic viagra price really. In 2007, their teachers were less likely to endorse evolution and not creationism than the national average. By 2019, they were more likely. While a variety of explanations are possible, teachers in NGSS states reported having taken more cvs generic viagra price pre-service and in-service coursework in evolution than their colleagues elsewhere, suggesting that the increased expectations impelled both novice and veteran teachers to upgrade their content knowledge of evolution.

Despite the encouraging trend over a mere dozen years, there is still reason for concern. After all, more than one in six high cvs generic viagra price school biology teachers, 17.6 percent, are still presenting creationism as a scientifically credible alternative to evolution. And almost as many high school biology teachers, 15 percent, are still failing to emphasize the broad scientific consensus on evolution, despite its general prevalence in state science standards and despite encouragement from professional organizations. D’oh!. With 13,500-odd local school districts having primary responsibility for curriculum and instruction, changes to science education are inevitably going to be slow, scattered and cvs generic viagra price incremental.

Still, with the aid of uncounted scientists, educators, policymakers, administrators and concerned citizens in general (and perhaps even a certain episode of The Simpsons), clear and convincing improvements for evolution education were demonstrably attained in just a dozen years. It is a victory worth not only celebrating—woo-hoo!. €”but also cvs generic viagra price enlarging upon.ARGENTINA The earliest dinosaurs laid soft-shelled eggs, paleontologists say. A new chemical analysis of a more than 200-million-year-old fossilized egg from Patagonia—and a clutch of more recent eggs from Mongolia, found in the Gobi Desert—revealed a thin film matching the characteristics of modern soft-shelled eggs. ENGLAND Archaeologists found that 20 deep shafts, previously thought to be natural sinkholes and ponds, were dug by Neolithic humans.

The shafts form a circle two kilometers in diameter, with the Durrington Walls monument cvs generic viagra price at its center, just three kilometers from Stonehenge. BRAZIL In a new paper, researchers documented the largest lightning bolt ever recorded. The “mega-flash,” which extended for more than 700 kilometers in cvs generic viagra price southern Brazil in 2018, was detected by a new advanced weather satellite in geostationary orbit. ISRAEL Researchers sequenced DNA samples from the Dead Sea Scrolls, identifying fragments made from sheep skin and others made from cow hide. The technique could help match fragments together and unravel the artifacts' geographic origins.

INDONESIA Scientists identified an elusive nose-horned dragon lizard in cvs generic viagra price the forests of North Sumatra. Despite appearing in the mythology of the indigenous Bataks, the visually striking species had been spotted by scientists only once before—almost 130 years ago. AUSTRALIA Submarine drones uncovered an extensive system of underwater “rivers” of dense, salty water along Australia's continental shelf. These flows carry organic matter from the coast into the deep ocean, and their volume varies seasonally, peaking in winter.The items below are highlights from the cvs generic viagra price free newsletter, “Smart, useful, science stuff about erectile dysfunction treatment.” To receive newsletter issues daily in your inbox, sign-up here.. Please consider a monthly contribution to support this newsletter.

At Nature, Nicky Phillips, David Cyranoski and Smriti Mallapaty covered the announcement that a collaboration between researchers at AstraZeneca and the University of Oxford is pausing Phase 3 treatment-candidate experiments due to a “suspected adverse event” in a study participant in the UK (9/9/20). The collaboration’s Phase 3 studies are being paused cvs generic viagra price in the U.S., Brazil, South Africa and the UK, Nature reports. €œThe news highlights the importance of waiting for the results of large, properly designed trials [experiments] to assess safety before approving a treatment for widespread use,” the story states. Investigators will start by trying to find out if the participant received the treatment candidate or a placebo, the story states. And then if it was the treatment, they will assess whether the participant’s reaction cvs generic viagra price is related or unrelated to receiving it.

€œI have every confidence that this group [of investigators] will very quickly assess this adverse event and make the results of that investigation known,” said a McGill University bioethicist quoted in the story. Presumably in response to reports of political pushing for approvals this fall, the chief executive officers (CEOs) of 9 pharmaceutical companies released a pledge (dated 9/8/20) to “uphold the integrity of the scientific process as they work cvs generic viagra price towards potential global regulatory filings and approvals of the first erectile dysfunction treatments.” The CEOs — including those for AstraZeneca, BioNTech, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson &. Johnson, Merck, Moderna, and Pfizer — assert they will “only submit for approval or emergency use authorization after demonstrating safety and efficacy through a Phase 3 clinical study that is designed and conducted to meet requirements of expert regulatory authorities such as [the U.S. Food and Drug Administration].” In other words, they don’t plan to cut any corners in their research nor to yield to political pressure. For more contextualized commentary on what Ed Silverman describes as cvs generic viagra price a “highly unusual turn of events," see his column at STAT (9/7/20).

Meanwhile, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has quickly taken measures to block any political influence over ongoing research to develop treatments to protect us from erectile dysfunction, report Anna Edney, Drew Armstrong, and Robert Langreth for Bloomberg (9/8/20). One measure reportedly includes the FDA “sticking by" June guidance that the agency will only consider for approval treatment candidates cvs generic viagra price that are at least 50% effective. Lower down in the story, the reporters write, “There is no guarantee the treatments furthest along in development will be the most effective, or be safe.” And it could take “months more” for Phase 3 findings to be conclusive, the story suggests. Still, the story ends with estimates by drug makers for how soon they might complete their Phase 3 studies (efficacy and safety experiments in thousands of study subjects) of erectile dysfunction treatment candidates.

Moderna reportedly says as soon as Thanksgiving, and Pfizer reportedly has been saying next cvs generic viagra price month. I remain reasonably skeptical. On Twitter, I came across a cvs generic viagra price searchable web site called “Dear viagra,” which bills itself as an “interdisciplinary all-female team of researchers and clinicians with expertise including nursing, mental health, demography, health policy/economics, and epidemiology.” Posts date back to July but the site appears to have officially launched 9/10/20. Their mission is to “educate and empower individuals to successfully navigate the erectile dysfunction treatment information overwhelm.” About two-thirds of the way down the home page, there’s a “submit a question” link. And below that, previous posts are indexed by topic and dates.

The risk of catching erectile dysfunction on an airplane is “relatively cvs generic viagra price low” if travelers are screened for sickness, wear masks, and are spaced out among seats, according to experts interviewed by Noah Y. Kim for Kaiser Health News (9/10/20). The air exchange rate and use of HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filters on planes also significantly reduce the risk of catching the viagra from travelers who are several rows away, according to the story. There is still a risk from cvs generic viagra price an infected person seated nearby, the story states. And air filtration alone is insufficient to prevent transmission even when travelers are distanced in the plane, Kim writes.

Delta, Hawaiian, Southwest and JetBlue currently keep middle seats open, the story states. Security checks and waiting at gates also pose some cvs generic viagra price transmission risk. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control has not confirmed any erectile dysfunction transmission aboard a U.S. Flight, an airline industry source says in the story, but that might reflect the difficulty of determining cvs generic viagra price where people in the U.S.

Contract the viagra, Kim writes. €œEven though flying is a relatively low-risk activity,” the story states, “traveling should still be avoided unless absolutely necessary.” An undated, recently published ESPN interactive, bylined by Kyle Bonagura, cvs generic viagra price illustrates its analysis and mapping of anonymized cellphone tracking data for three 2019 U.S. College football games. The maps provide a sense of where fans travel to and disperse to after games and thus the regional concentration of potential erectile dysfunction (and other infectious disease) spread resulting from the mixing of people before, during and after big match-ups. The piece includes updates on some of the football conferences’ plans and protocols for the 2020 season cvs generic viagra price.

The Big Ten and Pac-12 have postponed their seasons, whereas the SEC (Southeastern Conference) seems to be allowing each school to set its own attendance guidelines. I can’t pretend to follow NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) football designations but some or all of the NCAA teams drew “more than 47.5 million" attendees last season, the piece states. €œEven with fewer teams in action and limited-capacity crowds, the prospect that college football could play a role cvs generic viagra price in spreading the erectile dysfunction is too obvious to ignore,” the story states. Thanks to a reader for alerting me to this piece. Check out “To build emotional strength, expand your brain,” by Kerry Hannon at The New York Times (9/2/20).

It basically asserts that learning new material, such as a language or craft, that expands your horizons helps you deal with change and crisis, such as the erectile dysfunction viagra. Near the end, the piece lists some free or low-cost online class sites and some programs that allow nontraditional students to audit classes or work on projects with enrolled graduate and undergraduate students. You might enjoy “Looks like I wasn’t muted during our Zoom meeting,” by Susie Aquilina, for McSweeney’s (9/10/20)..

, so I made a batch of organic hemp infused iced tea & I’ve been starting my days that way. This tea is from @standarddose my new favorite online shop. They have curated an incredible selection of clean and organic products that benefit your skin both internally and externally. I’ve rounded up a few of my favorites in my stories (included the best damn natural deodorant I’ve ever tried). Anyone else on the iced tea kick? #sponsored">